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Hermann Reinheimer (born, 1872) was a British biologist and early science writer who proposed cooperation in evolution and symbiogenesis. ==Biography== Reinheimer was a critic of Darwinian view of struggle for existence. He was the author of ''Evolution by Cooperation'' (1913) and ''Symbiogenesis'' (1915) which were influential in developing the concept of symbiosis.〔Hankins, F. H. (1914). ''Evolution by Cooperation by Hermann Reinheimer''. ''The Journal of Race Development''. Vol. 5, No. 1. p. 123.〕〔Bowler, Peter J. (2001). ''Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain''. University of Chicago Press. p. 145. ISBN 0-226-06858-7〕 According to science historian Jan Sapp "Reinheimer is virtually unknown among contemporary biologists and historians."〔Sapp, Jan (1994). ''Evolution by Association : A History of Symbiosis: A History of Symbiosis''. Oxford University Press. pp. 60-61. ISBN 0-19-508821-2〕 In 1915, Reinheimer was one of the first writers to discuss symbiogenesis. However, the term was used without reference to Konstantin Mereschkowski who had previously written on the subject, leading cell biologist Francisco Carrapiço to speculate that Reinheimer was unfamiliar with his work.〔Carrapiço, Francisco. (2015). ''Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis?'' In Nathalie Gontier. ''Reticulate Evolution: Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridization and Infectious Heredity''. Springer. pp. 81-106. ISBN 978-3-319-16344-4〕 Reinheimer's views on symbiogenesis were seen as controversial during his time.〔Bio-Morality. Review of Symbiogenesis: The Universal Law Of Progressive Evolution by H. Reinheimer. ''The British Medical Journal''. Vol. 1, No. 2933. (Mar. 17, 1917), pp. 365-366.〕 In 1916, American zoologist William Lawrence Tower described his book ''Symbiogenesis'' as the "least logical, worst constructed, most inaccurate and irrational book upon evolution that has happened in a long time."〔Tower, William L. (1916). ''Symbiogenesis: The Universal Law of Progressive Evolution. by Hermann Reinheimer''. ''American Journal of Sociology''. Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 695-696.〕 Little about his life is known, he was described as living in Surbiton, London until the 1950s.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hermann Reinheimer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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